There are many conditions that affect the liver cells. Genetic means that the condition is passed on through families through special codes inside cells called genes. Some genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, spherocytosis, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.Conditions that cause an increased rate of breakdown of red blood cells include: This increased amount of bilirubin then spills into the tissues of the body to cause jaundice. Therefore, a backlog of bilirubin builds up in the blood awaiting the liver cells to process it. The liver cells are unable to keep pace and process the extra bilirubin. As a result, there is more bilirubin made than usual which then circulates in the blood. Various conditions cause an increased rate of breakdown of red blood cells. And this can happen for many different reasons. It is when abnormal amounts of bilirubin build up in the blood that you become jaundiced. So, getting rid of bilirubin is a normal process. The bilirubin in the bile gives the stools (faeces) their typical brown colour. This empties the stored bile back into the common bile duct and out into the duodenum. The gallbladder squeezes (contracts) when we eat. It is like a pouch off the common bile duct, which stores bile. Bile constantly drips down the tiny bile ducts, into the common bile duct and into the first part of the gut (small intestine), known as the duodenum. They join together (like branches of a tree) to form the larger common bile duct. There is a network of bile ducts in the liver. (One function of liver cells is to get rid of a range of waste chemicals in the bile.) ![]() Bile is a mix of various waste chemicals passed out by the liver cells. The bilirubin is therefore now part of bile. The liver cells pass out the conjugated bilirubin into tiny tubes called bile ducts.
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